Self-Employment Tax Calculator

Calculate your self-employment tax, federal and state income tax, and quarterly estimated payments as a freelancer or 1099 contractor. See your complete tax breakdown.

Annual Tax Breakdown

1099 Income
$85,000
Business Expenses
-$10,000
Net Profit
$75,000
Net Earnings (92.35%)(SE tax base)
$69,263
Social Security (12.4%)
-$8,589
Medicare (2.9%+)
-$2,009
Total SE Tax
-$10,597
SE Deduction (50%)(reduces income tax)
$5,299
Federal Income Tax
-$6,794
State Income Tax
-$3,013
Total Tax Owed
$20,404

Summary

Total Income
$75,000
Total Taxes
-$20,404
After-Tax Income
$54,596
Effective Tax Rate(on total income)
27.2%

Quarterly Estimated Payments

Q1 (Jan-Mar)Due April 15
$5,101
Q2 (Apr-May)Due June 15
$5,101
Q3 (Jun-Aug)Due September 15
$5,101
Q4 (Sep-Dec)Due January 15 (next year)
$5,101
Each Quarterly Payment
$5,101

Tax Breakdown

See your complete freelancer financial picture

Your estimated quarterly tax payment is $5,101. Model your freelance income alongside expenses, savings, and investments in the full simulator.

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How Self-Employment Tax Works

If you work as a freelancer, independent contractor, or gig worker, you are responsible for paying self-employment (SE) tax in addition to regular income tax. Unlike W-2 employees who split FICA and Medicare taxes with their employer, self-employed individuals pay both the employee and employer portions.

The SE tax rate is 15.3% — 12.4% for Social Security and 2.9% for Medicare. However, you only pay SE tax on 92.35% of your net earnings (gross income minus business expenses), which accounts for the fact that employees don't pay FICA on the employer's share. Additionally, you can deduct half of your SE tax from your adjusted gross income when calculating your income tax.

15.3%

Total SE Tax Rate

12.4%

Social Security

2.9%

Medicare

92.35%

Taxable Base

Tax Deductions for Freelancers

Reducing your taxable income through legitimate business deductions is one of the most effective ways to lower your overall tax burden. Here are the most common deductions available to self-employed individuals:

Home office deduction — use a dedicated space exclusively for business. Simplified method: $5/sq ft up to 300 sq ft. Regular method: actual expenses proportional to business use.

Equipment and technology — computers, monitors, printers, cameras. Items over $2,500 may need depreciation, or use Section 179 for full deduction in purchase year.

Software and subscriptions — design tools, project management, cloud storage, accounting software are fully deductible.

Health insurance premiums — deduct 100% for yourself, spouse, and dependents. This above-the-line deduction reduces your AGI.

Vehicle expenses — standard mileage rate (67 cents/mile for 2025) or actual expenses. Keep detailed mileage logs.

Professional development — courses, certifications, books, conferences, and training related to your business.

Retirement contributions — SEP IRA (up to 25% of net earnings, max $69,000) or Solo 401(k) reduces taxable income while building retirement savings.

Quarterly Estimated Taxes Explained

W-2 employees have taxes withheld from each paycheck throughout the year. Self-employed individuals don't have an employer withholding taxes, so the IRS requires quarterly estimated tax payments instead. Missing these payments or underpaying can result in penalties and interest.

1

April 15

First quarter payment due — covers January through March income.

2

June 15

Second quarter payment due — covers April through May income.

3

September 15

Third quarter payment due — covers June through August income.

4

January 15

Fourth quarter payment due — covers September through December income of the previous year.

To avoid underpayment penalties, pay at least 90% of your current year's tax liability or 100% of your previous year's tax liability (110% if your AGI exceeds $150,000), whichever is smaller.

Model Your Freelance Finances Over Time

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is self-employment tax?
Self-employment tax is the Social Security and Medicare tax that self-employed individuals pay. Employees split these taxes with their employer (each paying 7.65%), but self-employed individuals pay both halves — 12.4% for Social Security (up to $176,100 in 2025) and 2.9% for Medicare, for a total of 15.3%. An additional 0.9% Medicare surtax applies to earnings above $200,000.
How are quarterly estimated taxes calculated?
Quarterly estimated taxes are calculated by estimating your total tax liability for the year (including self-employment tax, federal income tax, and state income tax) and dividing by four. Payments are due April 15, June 15, September 15, and January 15 of the following year. You may owe a penalty if you underpay any quarter.
What is the SE tax deduction and how does it work?
The IRS allows you to deduct half of your self-employment tax when calculating your adjusted gross income (AGI). This is because employers normally pay half of FICA/Medicare taxes. For example, if your SE tax is $12,000, you can deduct $6,000 from your income before calculating federal income tax. This deduction is taken on your Form 1040, not on Schedule SE.
Why is my SE tax calculated on 92.35% of net earnings?
The 92.35% factor (100% minus 7.65%) adjusts for the fact that employees don't pay FICA and Medicare on the employer's share of payroll taxes. Since self-employed individuals pay both shares, the IRS reduces the taxable base by 7.65% to make it equivalent to an employee's tax treatment. This means your SE tax is calculated on 92.35% of your net self-employment income.
What business expenses can I deduct as a freelancer?
Common deductible business expenses for freelancers include: home office expenses (dedicated space for business), computer and equipment, software and subscriptions, internet and phone bills (business portion), health insurance premiums (self-employed health insurance deduction), vehicle expenses or mileage (57.5 cents/mile for business), professional development and education, marketing and advertising costs, and business travel expenses.
Do I need to pay self-employment tax on side hustle income?
Yes, if you earn $400 or more in net self-employment income in a year, you must pay self-employment tax. This applies to side hustles, freelance work, gig economy income (Uber, DoorDash, etc.), and any other income reported on a 1099-NEC or 1099-K. Even if you also have a W-2 job, your side hustle income is subject to SE tax.
How does having a W-2 job affect my self-employment tax?
If you have a W-2 job, your employer already pays Social Security tax on your wages (up to $176,100 in 2025). Your self-employment Social Security tax only applies to the remaining amount before hitting the wage base cap. However, the 2.9% Medicare tax (and 0.9% surtax) applies to all combined earnings without a cap. Your W-2 income also increases your overall tax bracket for federal and state income taxes.

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